1. Umusaruro mugihe gikwiye (JIT)
Uburyo bwo gukora-mugihe gikwiye bwatangiriye mubuyapani, kandi igitekerezo cyibanze ni ugukora ibicuruzwa bisabwa mubwinshi busabwa gusa mugihe bikenewe. Intandaro yubu buryo bwo gukora ni ugukurikirana sisitemu yumusaruro idafite ibarura, cyangwa sisitemu yumusaruro ugabanya ibarura. Mubikorwa byo kubyaza umusaruro, dukwiye gukurikiza byimazeyo ibisabwa bisanzwe, gutanga umusaruro ukurikije ibisabwa, no kohereza ibikoresho byinshi bikenewe kurubuga kugirango twirinde ibarura ridasanzwe.
2. 5S hamwe nubuyobozi bugaragara
5S (Gukusanya, gukosora, gukora isuku, gukora isuku, gusoma no kwandika) nigikoresho cyiza cyo gucunga neza amashusho, ariko kandi nigikoresho cyiza cyo kuzamura ubumenyi bwabakozi. Urufunguzo rwo gutsinda 5S ni ubuziranenge, ibisobanuro birambuye kurubuga hamwe ninshingano zisobanutse, kugirango abakozi babanze babungabunge isuku yurubuga, mugihe bishyize ahagaragara kugirango bakemure ibibazo byurubuga nibikoresho, hanyuma batezimbere buhoro buhoro babigize umwuga ingeso no gusoma neza.
3. Ubuyobozi bwa Kanban
Kanban irashobora gukoreshwa nkuburyo bwo guhanahana amakuru ajyanye no gucunga umusaruro muruganda. Ikarita ya Kanban ikubiyemo amakuru atari make kandi irashobora gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa kanban bukunze gukoreshwa: umusaruro kanban no gutanga kanban. Kanban iroroshye, igaragara kandi yoroshye kuyobora.
4. Igikorwa gisanzwe (SOP)
Ibipimo ngenderwaho nigikoresho cyiza cyo gucunga neza no gukora neza. Nyuma yisesengura ryagaciro ryibikorwa byumusaruro, igipimo cyinyandiko gishyirwaho ukurikije inzira ya siyanse nuburyo bukoreshwa. Ibipimo ntabwo ari ishingiro ryo gusuzuma ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa gusa, ahubwo ni ishingiro ryo guhugura abakozi kugenzura imikorere. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bikubiyemo ibiboneka ku mbuga, ibipimo byo gucunga ibikoresho, ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibicuruzwa n’ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa. Umusaruro unanutse usaba ko "byose bigomba kuba bisanzwe".
5. Kubungabunga umusaruro wuzuye (TPM)
Muburyo bwo kwitabira byuzuye, shiraho uburyo bwibikoresho byateguwe neza, kunoza igipimo cyimikoreshereze yibikoresho bihari, kugera ku mutekano no mu rwego rwo hejuru, gukumira ibitagenda neza, kugirango ibigo bishobore kugabanya ibiciro no kuzamura umusaruro muri rusange. Ntabwo yerekana 5S gusa, ariko cyane cyane, gusesengura umutekano wakazi no gucunga neza umusaruro.
6. Koresha Ikarita Agaciro Ikarita kugirango umenye imyanda (VSM)
Igikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro cyuzuye ibintu bitangaje byimyanda, Mapping Stream Mapping niyo shingiro ningingo yingenzi yo gushyira mubikorwa gahunda yo kunanirwa no gukuraho imyanda itunganijwe:
Menya aho imyanda ibera mugikorwa kandi umenye amahirwe yo kunoza ibinure;
• Gusobanukirwa ibice n'akamaro k'inzira zagaciro;
• Ubushobozi bwo gushushanya "ikarita yerekana agaciro";
• Menya ikoreshwa ryamakuru kugirango aha agaciro igishushanyo mbonera kandi ushire imbere amahirwe yo kunoza imibare.
7. Igishushanyo mbonera cyumurongo wibyakozwe
Imiterere idahwitse yumurongo winteko itera kwimuka bitari ngombwa byabakozi bakora, bityo bikagabanya umusaruro. Bitewe na gahunda yo kugenda idafite ishingiro n'inzira zidafite ishingiro, abakozi batora cyangwa bagashyira hasi akazi inshuro eshatu cyangwa eshanu. Noneho isuzuma ni ngombwa, nugutegura urubuga. Fata umwanya n'imbaraga. Kora byinshi hamwe na bike.
8. KUBONA umusaruro
Ibyo bita gukurura umusaruro ni ubuyobozi bwa Kanban nkuburyo, gukoresha "gufata sisitemu yibikoresho" aribyo, nyuma yuburyo bukurikije "isoko" bigomba kubyara umusaruro, ibura ryibicuruzwa mubikorwa byabanjirije gufata ubwinshi bwibicuruzwa mubikorwa, kugirango bigire inzira yose yo gukurura sisitemu yo kugenzura, ntuzigere utanga ibicuruzwa birenze kimwe. JIT igomba gushingira kubikorwa byo gukurura, kandi gukurura sisitemu imikorere ni ibintu bisanzwe biranga umusaruro. Kwishingikiriza kumurongo wa zeru, cyane cyane uburyo bwiza bwo gukurura ibikorwa kugirango ubigereho.
9. Guhindura byihuse (SMED)
Igitekerezo cyo guhinduranya byihuse gishingiye kubikorwa byubuhanga bwubushakashatsi hamwe nubuhanga bufatanije, hagamijwe kugabanya ibikoresho byigihe gito kubufatanye bwitsinda. Iyo uhinduye umurongo wibicuruzwa no guhindura ibikoresho, igihe cyo kuyobora gishobora guhagarikwa ku rugero runini, kandi ingaruka zo guhinduranya byihuse ziragaragara cyane.
Kugirango ugabanye igihe cyo gutegereza igihe cyo gutegereza kugeza byibuze, inzira yo kugabanya igihe cyo gushiraho ni ugukuraho buhoro buhoro no kugabanya imirimo yose itongerewe agaciro no kuyihindura mubikorwa bitarangiye. Umusaruro unanutse ni ugukuraho burundu imyanda, kugabanya ibarura, kugabanya inenge, kugabanya igihe cyigihe cyo gukora nibindi bisabwa byihariye kugirango tubigereho, kugabanya igihe cyo gushiraho nimwe muburyo bwingenzi bwadufasha kugera kuriyi ntego.
10. Gukomeza Gutezimbere (Kaizen)
Mugihe utangiye kumenya neza agaciro, kumenya agaciro kerekana, gukora intambwe zo gushiraho agaciro kubicuruzwa runaka bigenda bikomeza, kandi ureke umukiriya akure agaciro mumushinga, amarozi atangira kubaho.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-13-2024
